In Asymmetric routing, a packet traverses from a source to a destination in one path and takes a different path when it returns to the source. In Cisco ASA/Pix firewalls, state information is built when the packets flow from a higher security domain to a lower security domain. The firewall will be an exit point [...]

NAT traversal (NAT-T) is a feature that allows IPsec traffic to “traverse” through NAT or PAT points without the incompatibilities that would normally arise. NAT (or PAT) works by translating a local address or addresses to a public address or several public addresses. In the case of PAT, several local addresses are translated to one [...]

In Cisco ASA by running ‘sh connection count’ we can check the number of open connections. By default value for half open connection is 100000 . ciscoasa# show conn count 1931 in use, 3139 most used We can configure the ASA to lower that value by creating class map to select the traffic class-map SYN_Flood_Attack [...]

AAA stands for authentication, authorization and accounting, used to control user’s rights to access network resources and to keep track of the activity of users over a network. The current standard by which devices or applications communicate with an AAA server is the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS).

ASA uses security levels to determine the parameters of trust given to a network attached to the respective interface. The security level can be configured between 0 to 100 where higher number are more trusted than lower. By default, the ASA allows packets from a higher (trusted) security interface to a lower (untrusted) security interface [...]

SSL VPN provides remote access connectivity from almost any internet enabled location without any special client software at a remote site. You only need a standard web browser and its native SSL encryption. IPsec is a dedicated point-to-point fixed VPN connection where SSL VPNs provides anywhere connectivity without any configuration or special software at remote [...]

Stateful inspection is known as dynamic packet filtering and is a firewall technology that monitors the state of active connections and uses this information to determine which network packets are allowed through the firewall. Stateful inspection analyses packets down to the application layer.

Content Addressable Memory (CAM) Table Overflow Content Addressable Memory (CAM) tables are limited in size. If enough entries are entered into the CAM table before other entries are expired, the CAM table fills up to the point that no new entries can be accepted. Typically, a network intruder floods the switch with a large number [...]

A stateful firewall like the ASA, however, takes into consideration the state of a packet: •Is this a new connection? If it is a new connection, the ASA has to check the packet against access lists and perform other tasks to determine if the packet is allowed or denied. To perform this check, the first [...]

Can you explain transport and tunnel mode in detail with datagram packets? ->Tunnel Mode – Entire IPSEC process is transparent to end hosts, and specialized gateway handles the IPSEC Workload In Tunnel Mode, 1st Encrypts the entire IP packet and its placed into another IP packet. Means we have 2 IP addresses. 1.ip address on [...]